The pharmaceutical industry operates at the intersection of highly regulated manufacturing and rapidly evolving digital infrastructure, making it uniquely vulnerable to cybersecurity threats that can compromise data integrity. Data integrity, the assurance that records are attributable, legible, contemporaneous, original, and accurate, forms the foundation of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) compliance and patient safety. As pharmaceutical organizations increasingly adopt digital systems, cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and industrial control systems, the attack surface has expanded considerably. This review examines the cybersecurity threat landscape facing the pharmaceutical sector, with a particular focus on how cyberattacks undermine data integrity across the product lifecycle. The regulatory framework governing electronic records, including the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) 21 CFR Part 11, European Union (EU) Annex 11, and international guidelines from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Pharmaceutical Inspection Co-operation Scheme (PIC/S), is analyzed in the context of cybersecurity requirements. Key cybersecurity strategies are discussed, including network segmentation aligned with ISA/IEC 62443 standards, zero trust architecture, encryption, access control, audit trail protection, and incident response planning. The review also explores the synergy between information security management systems (ISMS) and GxP compliance, advocating for an integrated governance approach. Emerging technologies such as blockchain, artificial intelligence, and digital twins are evaluated for their potential to strengthen both cybersecurity posture and data integrity assurance. This article provides a framework for pharmaceutical organizations seeking to align cybersecurity initiatives with regulatory expectations and operational excellence.